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Project 06: File Upload & Processing Service

Phase 2: Intermediate Complexity
Why This Project?

Most applications need file uploads - profile pictures, documents, images, videos. Knowing how to handle files properly is a must-have skill for web developers.

This project teaches you about binary data, multipart forms, and image processing. You'll learn how to resize images, generate thumbnails, and store files efficiently without slowing down your server.

File validation is crucial for security. Users might try to upload malicious files or files that are too large. You'll learn how to validate on both frontend and backend to keep your application safe.

Why This Project?

File handling is a common requirement. Users need to upload profile pictures, documents, videos, and other files. Learning how to handle uploads safely and efficiently is important.

This project teaches you about binary data, image processing, and storage options. You'll learn how to resize images, which saves bandwidth and improves performance.

You'll also learn about progress tracking, which gives users feedback during long uploads. The patterns you learn here apply to any kind of file processing - videos, audio, PDFs, or images.

Overview

Build a comprehensive file handling system that accepts uploads, processes images, generates thumbnails, and stores files efficiently. This project teaches you how to work with binary data, handle large file uploads, implement background processing, and manage cloud storage.

You'll learn essential skills for building applications that need to handle user-generated content like profile pictures, documents, or media files.

Learning Objectives

Handle multipart form data and file uploads

Process and manipulate images programmatically

Implement upload progress tracking

Work with file storage (local or cloud)

Validate file types and sizes

Generate and serve multiple image sizes

Core Requirements

Accept file uploads via drag-and-drop or file picker

Support multiple file types (images, PDFs, documents)

Validate file size (max 10MB) and type before upload

Show upload progress bar with percentage

Process uploaded images (resize, compress, generate thumbnails)

Store files locally or in cloud storage (AWS S3 or similar)

Generate unique filenames to prevent collisions

Create three image sizes: thumbnail (150px), medium (500px), large (1200px)

Store file metadata in database (filename, size, type, URL, uploadedBy)

Display uploaded files in gallery with preview

File Data Model

id, originalName, filename (unique), fileType, fileSize

uploadedBy (userId), uploadDate

urls: { original, thumbnail, medium, large }

dimensions: { width, height }

isPublic (boolean), downloadCount

API Endpoints

POST /api/files/upload - Upload single or multiple files

GET /api/files - Get user's uploaded files

GET /api/files/:id - Get file metadata

GET /api/files/:id/download - Download original file

DELETE /api/files/:id - Delete file and all variants

GET /api/files/:id/thumbnail - Serve thumbnail

GET /api/files/:id/medium - Serve medium size

GET /api/files/:id/large - Serve large size

Image Processing Pipeline

Accept upload and validate file type and size

Generate unique filename using UUID or timestamp

Read image dimensions from original file

Create thumbnail (150x150, cropped to square)

Create medium version (500px max width/height, maintain aspect ratio)

Create large version (1200px max width/height, maintain aspect ratio)

Compress all versions to reduce file size (85% quality)

Save all versions to storage

Save metadata to database

Return URLs for all versions to client

Frontend Features

Drag-and-drop upload zone with visual feedback

File picker button for traditional upload

Multiple file selection support

Preview images before upload

Upload progress bars for each file

Cancel upload button while uploading

Gallery view showing all uploaded files

File cards with preview, name, size, and actions

Modal for full-size image viewing

Download and delete buttons for each file

Technical Challenges

Use multer middleware for handling multipart uploads

Implement image processing with Sharp library

Handle large file uploads without blocking server

Track upload progress using XMLHttpRequest or axios progress events

Implement chunked uploads for files larger than 5MB

Generate secure URLs for file access

Clean up temporary files after processing

Implement proper error handling (network failures, processing errors)

Validation Requirements

Validate file type on both client and server

Check file size before uploading (client) and after receiving (server)

Verify image files are actually images (check magic bytes)

Sanitize filenames to prevent path traversal attacks

Limit number of simultaneous uploads per user

Check available storage quota before accepting upload

Bonus Features

Add image rotation and cropping tools

Implement automatic image orientation correction

Add watermark to uploaded images

Support video thumbnail generation

Implement file sharing with expiring links

Add bulk download as ZIP file

Create image gallery with categories/albums

Implement lazy loading for gallery images

Helpful Resources

Multer: Multer docs show how to handle file uploads in Express. Start with basic examples.

Sharp: Sharp docs for image processing. It's fast and easy to use for resizing and compressing.

FormData: MDN docs on FormData API. This is how browsers send files to servers.

Progress Events: Look up "XMLHttpRequest progress" or "axios upload progress".

Cloud Storage: AWS S3 docs or Cloudinary docs for cloud storage options.

File Validation: Search for "file type validation Node.js" and "magic bytes file verification".

Helpful Resources

Multer: Multer documentation on npm. It handles multipart/form-data for file uploads.

Sharp: Sharp image processing library docs. It's fast and has simple API for resizing images.

File Upload Tutorial: Search for "Node.js file upload tutorial" or "Express file upload".

FormData: MDN docs on FormData API. Learn how to send files from frontend.

Progress Events: Search for "upload progress bar JavaScript" or "XMLHttpRequest progress".

Cloud Storage: Look up AWS S3 or Cloudinary tutorials if you want to use cloud storage.

Success Criteria

Files upload successfully with progress tracking

All image sizes are generated correctly

Upload fails gracefully with clear error messages

Gallery loads quickly even with many files

Deleted files are removed from storage and database

File URLs work correctly and serve images

System handles multiple simultaneous uploads

Images maintain quality after processing

Learning Resources

Study Multer documentation for file uploads

Learn Sharp library for image processing

Research AWS S3 or Cloudinary for cloud storage

Explore FormData API for file uploads

Look into progress events for XMLHttpRequest

Hint: Start with local file storage to keep things simple, then migrate to cloud storage once everything works. This makes debugging easier since you can see the files directly.

Always validate files on the server even if you validate on the client. Users can bypass client-side validation by manipulating requests directly.

Submit Your Project

Once you've completed this project, submit your GitHub repository link below: